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OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society - Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 30-67 | |
ISSN: 2093-5498 (Print) | |
Print publication date 31 Jul 2018 | |
Received 14 Feb 2018 Revised 15 Jun 2018 Accepted 10 Jul 2018 | |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14431/omnes.2018.07.8.3.30 | |
Employment Status Matters: Differential Patterns of Female Marriage Migrants’ Support Service Usage | |
Kyung-Eun Yang
| |
Sungkonghoe University, South Korea | |
Funding Information ▼ |
This study examined factors that determine immigrant women’s service usage, using Gelberg-Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as a conceptual framework. Considering that the degree to which female marriage migrants take advantage of support services varies considerably within the group, special analytic attention was given to possible differences in service utilization patterns depending on their employment status. The study utilized “National Survey on Multicultural Families” data set from 2009. Among the total 154,333 individuals, the study used a sub-sample of 53,155 female marriage migrants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible differences in service utilization in relations to employment status. The relationship between the two support services (adjustment assistance services and family care services) was examined. In addition, the three domains of factors that jointly explain the use of services among female marriage migrants were explored. The study found that female marriage migrants have different needs depending on their employment status. In terms of adjustment assistance service use determinants, the strongest predictor was having Joseonjok (Korean-Chinese) ethnicity for both the employed and unemployed group. When predicting the family care service use, number of children turned out to be the strongest predictor for the employed group, whereas perceived needs turned out as the strongest predictor for the unemployed group. Findings from the study may provide useful implications for the development of social work services and/or service delivery systems that are tailored to the different needs of immigrant women based on their positions within the labor market.
Keywords: female marriage migrants, support service utilization, employment status, Gelberg–Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations |
This paper evolved from a part of the author’s doctoral dissertation and was supported by a grant awarded to the Center for SSK Multicultural Research (CSMR) from the National Research Foundation of Korea
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Variable (variable name) | Variable type | Definition |
---|---|---|
Predispositional factors | ||
Adjustment assistance service usage | Dichotomous | 0 = not having AAS service usage experience 1 = having AAS service usage experience |
Family care assistance service usage | Dichotomous | 0 = not having service usage experience 1 = having FCS service usage experience |
Ethnicity dummies Pob1 - 5 | Dummy | Pob1 = having Joseonjok ethnicity Pob2 = having Mainland Chinese and Han Chinese ethnicity Pob3 = having Vietnamese ethnicity Pob4 = having Philippines ethnicity Pob5 = having ethnicities other than Joseonkok, Chinese, Vietnamese and Philippines(reference group) |
Length of residence | Continuous | Total length residence measured in months |
Region of residence | Dichotomous | 0 = Living in rural areas 1 = Living in urban areas |
Number of children | Continuous | Total number of children |
Enabling factors | ||
Education level 1 - 4 | Dummy | Edu1 = less than middle school graduate (reference group) Edu2 = high school graduate Edu3 = college graduate Edu4 = graduate school graduate |
Internet usage | Dichotomous | 0 = not using internet 1 = using internet |
Korean language proficiency level | Continuous | Total score of Korean speaking, reading and writing |
Household’s monthly income | Ordinal | 1 = Very unsatisfied 2 = Not satisfied 3 = Moderate 4 = Satisfied 5 = Very satisfied |
NBLS status | Dichotomous | 0 = not being the recipient of NBLS |
Relationship with husband | Ordinal | 1 = Less than 500 thousand Korean won 2 = 500 thousand ~7 million Korean won 3 = 1~2 million Korean won 4 = 2~3 million Korean won 5 = 3~4 million Korean won 6 = 4~5 million Korean won 7 = 5~6 million Korean won 8 = 6~7 million Korean won |
Existence of Korean friends | Dichotomous | 0 = Having no friends 1 = Having more than one Korean friend |
Existence of friends from home country | Dichotomous | 0 = Having no friends 1 = Having more than one friend from home country |
Existence of friends from other countries | Dichotomous | 0 = Having no friends 1 = Having more than one friend from other countries |
Perceived needs factors | ||
Perceived needs for AAS | Ordinal | 1 = Not needed at all 2 = Not needed 3 = Moderate 4 = Needed 5 = Very needed |
Perceived needs for FCS | Ordinal | 1 = Not needed at all 2 = Not needed 3 = Moderate 4 = Needed 5 = Very needed |
∆x2 | ∆df | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age → AAS | 2.233 | 1 | 0.135 |
Pob1→ AAS | 35.942 | 1 | 0.000 |
Pob2→ AAS | 149.356 | 1 | 0.000 |
Pob3→ AAS | 5.168 | 1 | 0.023 |
Pob4→ AAS | 23.541 | 1 | 0.000 |
Length of residence → AAS | 15.439 | 1 | 0.000 |
Region of residence → AAS | 26.488 | 1 | 0.000 |
Number of children → AAS | 44.291 | 1 | 0.000 |
Education → AAS | 0.383 | 1 | 0.534 |
Internet → AAS | 1.667 | 1 | 0.197 |
Korean language proficiency → AAS | 21.275 | 1 | 0.000 |
Household’s monthly income → AAS | 11.749 | 1 | 0.001 |
NBLS → AAS | 0.899 | 1 | 0.343 |
Relationship with husband → AAS | 0.499 | 1 | 0.480 |
Friends from home country → AAS | 0.011 | 1 | 0.917 |
Friends from elsewhere countries → AAS | 5.643 | 1 | 0.018 |
Perceived needs for AAS → AAS | 39.001 | 1 | 0.000 |
Perceived needs for Family care services → AAS | 0.184 | 1 | 0.668 |
Age → Family care service usage (FCS) | 7.758 | 1 | 0.005 |
Pob1 → FCS | 35.962 | 1 | 0.000 |
Pob2 → FCS | 0.486 | 1 | 0.485 |
Pob3 → FCS | 2.374 | 1 | 0.123 |
Pob4 → FCS | 0.414 | 1 | 0.520 |
Length of residence → FCS | 14.751 | 1 | 0.000 |
Region of residence → FCS | 20.529 | 1 | 0.000 |
Number of children → FCS | 3.916 | 1 | 0.047 |
Internet → FCS | 0.201 | 1 | 0.654 |
Korean language proficiency → FCS | 7.409 | 1 | 0.008 |
Household’s monthly income → FCS | 3.947 | 1 | 0.047 |
NBLS status → FCS | 0.793 | 1 | 0.373 |
Relationship with husband → FCS | 0.040 | 1 | 0.841 |
Friends from home country → FCS | 0.990 | 1 | 0.320 |
Friends from different countries → FCS | 0.189 | 1 | 0.664 |
Perceived needs for AAS → FCS | 0.491 | 1 | 0.483 |
Perceived needs for FCS → FCS | 26.76 | 1 | 0.000 |
Kyung-Eun Yang received her Ph.D. from the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto. She is currently an assistant professor at Yeollim Academy of Liberal Arts, Sungkonghoe University. She has published on the causes and consequences of social and economic inequalities associated with race/ethnicity and gender issues as well as effective approaches to reducing them. E-mail: kyungeun.yang@skhu.ac.kr
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